Standard Duration of Legal Education
In Germany, law students must complete two main phases to qualify as a lawyer:
- First State Examination (Erste Juristische Prüfung): This academic phase usually takes 4–5 years, including a minimum of 7–9 semesters of university study.
- Second State Examination (Zweite Juristische Prüfung): After passing the first exam, students enter a 2-year legal clerkship (Referendariat), combining practical training and the final state exam.
In total, becoming a fully qualified lawyer in Germany takes approximately 6–7 years.
Bachelor’s vs. State Examination Programs
Traditional German law programs lead to the State Examination rather than a Bachelor’s degree.
Key Stages of Legal Training
- University Studies (Grundstudium + Hauptstudium): Focuses on civil, criminal, and public law, with mandatory coursework and exams.
- First State Examination: Written and oral exams administered by state authorities.
- Referendariat: Practical training in courts, law firms, and government agencies.
- Second State Examination: Final assessment to qualify as a “Volljurist” (fully qualified lawyer).
Factors That Can Extend the Timeline
Delays may occur due to:
- Repeat exams or extended thesis work.
- Part-time study or semesters abroad.
- Personal or health-related interruptions.
Career Paths After Qualification
After passing both exams, graduates can work as judges, prosecutors, or attorneys. Specialization in fields like corporate law or international law may require additional training.
FAQ: Law School Duration in Germany
1. Can I finish law school in Germany faster than 7 years?
While the standard timeline is 6–7 years, exceptional students may complete exams earlier. However, the mandatory Referendariat cannot be shortened.
2. Is German legal education longer than in other countries?
Yes. For example, U.S. law school takes 3 years after a bachelor’s degree, while Germany’s system integrates academic and practical training over 6–7 years.
3. Do EU students face the same timeline?
Yes. All students, regardless of nationality, must complete both State Examinations and the Referendariat to practice law in Germany.
4. Can I work during the Referendariat?
Yes. Trainees receive a modest salary during the 2-year clerkship, which includes placements in legal institutions.
5. Are there alternatives to the State Examination?
Some universities offer LL.B./LL.M. programs for careers in international law, but these do not qualify graduates for traditional legal roles in Germany.